Retrieval-of-displaced-root-fragment-associated-with-fungal-ball-in-the-maxillary-sinus-using-functional-endoscopic-sinus-surgery-a-case-report

Introduction: Fungal ball is a non-invasive sinus disease and the incidence of this disease has increased in recent years and also several case reports and case series have suggested a relationship with the accidental displacement of root into maxillary sinus. We report a case where fungal ball was removed along with the dental root fragment which was accidentally displaced into the maxillary sinus following traumatic dental extraction. A 32-years-oldCase Report: female patient presented to Maxillofacial Surgery Department with complaint of pain in the left orofacial region for one month. The patient had a history of traumatic extraction of posterior maxillary teeth 4 years back. On examination, no dental cause of pain was detected. On further evaluation, a foreign body within the left maxillary sinus was seen in the panoramic radiograph. Computed tomography images revealed displaced root in the left maxillary sinus with surrounding heterogenous soft tissue opacity. Following the detection of foreign body, patient underwent Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and the root was retrieved and the adjacent soft tissue specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The presence of fungus consistent with the Aspergillus species was confirmed. Conclusion: This article emphasizes the importance of atraumatic dental extraction, the association of fungal ball with displaced root and the utility of FESS in clearing the same.

Hematochezia in a 6-year-old girl: An unusual cause

Anorectal disorders, anal fissures, and distal polyps are the most common causes of hematochezia in children. However, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), even though quite rare in children, can present with an isolated per rectal bleeding. Early onset IBD is described in patients younger than 10 years of age; however, these are rare instances of even neonates presenting with IBD.Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with episodes of per rectal bleeding for several months with severe anemia and malnutrition and was also found to have an anteriorly displaced anus. She underwent colonoscopy which revealed features suggestive of ulcerative colitis which was eventually confirmed by biopsy. She was treated with corticosteroids and aminosalicylate, namely, Mesalamine. Later, the patient was treated with Azathioprine which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms and improvement in nutritional status that was evident on regular follow-ups. IBD in children younger than 10 years of age is a rare entity and requires a strong suspicion for diagnosis.

Cultura urbana y acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo en Medellín: de pandilleros a líderes comunitarios / Urban culture and psycho-socio-educational accompaniment in Medellín: from gang members to community leaders / Cultura urbana e acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo em Medellín: de membros

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las trayectorias de vida de jóvenes desplazados en una comuna de Medellín. A través del acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo, especialmente brindado desde la infancia, y mediante la cultura urbana, los jóvenes evolucionan desde «el muchacho pandillero¼ hasta convertirse en referentes comunitarios. El trabajo de campo se realizó empleando la metodología cualitativa mediante la técnica biográfico-narrativa, recogiendo información a través de cinco entrevistas en profundidad, líneas de tiempo y observación al participante. Las conclusiones muestran a un grupo de jóvenes perdidos en contexto de barrio, cuyo cambio comienza con el acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo que les permite movilizar sus potencialidades a través del baile y tomar el control de su vida, logrando que sus individualidades trasciendan y posibilitando su influencia en la comunidad.

Abstract (analytical) The aim of this article is to analyse the life trajectories of displaced young people in a community in Medellin. Through psycho-socio-educational accompaniment, the stories go from "being a kid in a gang" to becoming community reference points, especially in the area of childhood safety, through participating in and generating urban culture. Fieldwork was carried out using a qualitative methodology through the biographical-narrative technique, collecting information through five in-depth interviews, timelines and participant observation. The conclusions identify a group of young people who were "lost" in the context of their neighborhood and whose changes began with psycho-socio-educational accompaniment. This allowed them to discover their potential through dance and take control of their lives, resulting in them transcending the individual sphere and trying to influence their community.

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as trajetórias de vida dos jovens deslocados numa comunidade em Medellín. Através do acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo, as histórias evoluem de "o miúdo da gangue" para referências comunitárias, especialmente na segurança infantil, através da cultura urbana. O trabalho de campo foi realizado utilizando metodologia qualitativa através da técnica biográfico-narrativa, recolhendo informação através de cinco entrevistas aprofundadas, cronogramas e observação dos participantes. As conclusões mostram um grupo de jovens perdidos num contexto de vizinhança, cuja mudança começa com o acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo, que lhes permite mobilizar o seu potencial através da dança e assumir o controlo das suas vidas para transcender o indivíduo e tentar influenciar a comunidade.

Economic analysis of an educational human security model in southwestern bateyes of the Dominican Republic / Análisis económico de un modelo educativo de seguridad humana en los bateyes del suroeste de la República Dominicana

Objetivos: realizar un análisis económico para evaluar los costos de una intervención educativa, utilizando los principios de un modelo de seguridad humana en Bateyes del suroeste de la República Dominicana. Métodos: se consideraron cuatro recursos de intervención, incluyendo la capacitación del personal, los incentivos mensuales, la supervisión de las actividades de campo y el costo total asociado al tratamiento anual de la diarrea aguda. El gasto se comparó entre el programa estándar de atención (Batey Control) y la intervención con el modelo de seguridad humana (Batey Caso). Resultados: el ahorro del costo total anual para el Ministerio de Salud de República Dominicana asociado con la reducción de la incidencia de episodios de diarrea aguda fue de US$252,399. Si se extrapolan a los 300 Bateyes de República Dominicana, se podría ahorrar aproximadamente US$75 millones en prevención de enfermedades infecciosas. Conclusiones: el modelo de seguridad humana luce ser un método eficaz para mejorar el conocimiento sobre la prevención de enfermedades y aumentar el empoderamiento de la comunidad para la movilización de recursos. Aplicada a otros entornos, la intervención podría tener una incidencia beneficiosa en las poblaciones de refugiados e indocumentados bajo el impacto de la violencia estructural.

Objectives: To conduct an economic analysis to evaluate the costs of an educational intervention, using the human security model, and potential sources of economic benefits, in Southwestern Bateyes in the Dominican Republic. Methods: Four intervention resources were considered, including staff training, monthly incentives, supervision of field activities, and total cost associated with annual treatment for acute diarrhea. The expenditure was compared between the standard program of care and the intervention using the human security model. Results: The total annual cost saving to the Dominican Republic Ministry of Health, associated with reducing the incidence of acute diarrhea episodes, was US$252,399. If this is extrapolated to the 300 Bateyes of the Dominican Republic, the Ministry of Health could save approximately US$75 million in infectious disease prevention by implementing this intervention model in these isolated rural communities. Conclusions: The educational intervention, which incorporated a human security approach, appeared to be an effective method to enhance knowledge about disease prevention and to increase empathy among community members for resource mobilization and local empowerment. Applied to other settings, the intervention could have a beneficial impact on refugee and undocumented populations under the

Regime stretching para proteger migrantes forçados no Brasil / Regime stretching to protect forced migrants in Brazil

O Brasil é membro do Regime Internacional dos Refugiados, tendo incorporado a Convenção Relativa para o Estatuto dos Refugiados de 1951 ao seu ordenamento jurídico com a Lei n. 9474/97. Ademais, avança na proteção humanitária baseada nos direitos humanos aos deslocados ambientais internacionais, a refugiados em massa e a migrantes econômicos (Lei de Migração n. 13.445/2017). Este artigo analisa a forma como a teoria de regime stretching proposta por Betts (2010) pode ser utilizada para explicar como o regime internacional de refugiados é alargado em nível de implementação local para se adequar e suprir as necessidades locais, sendo aplicado hibridamente no Brasil com regras, normas, instituições e políticas públicas divergentes para os diferentes tipos de deslocados no Brasil

Brazil is an International refugee Regime member, having incorporated the 1951 convention related to refugee Status into its Legal Order with the Act 9474/97. Additionally, it advances in humanitarian protection based on human rights to international environmentally Displaced Persons, to huge flux of refugees and to economic migrants (Migration Act n. 13.445.2017). This article evaluates the way how the regime stretching theory proposed by Betts (2010) may be used to explain how the International Refugee Regime is enlarged in local implementation level to be adjusted and to supply local needs, being hybridly implemented in Brazil, with different rules, norms, institutions, and public policies to different types of displaced people in Brazil

Misconceptions and associated factors of COVID-19 infection among internally displaced persons in Sudan

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health threat that has spread rapidly and caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. Reducing the myths about infectious diseases is vital for controlling transmission. This study explored the level of misconceptions and associated factors of COVID-19 among internally displaced persons in Sudan. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive design and community-based study. We collected the data using a self-administered questionnaire via the convenience sampling technique among internally displaced persons in the camps of Zalingei town in the central Darfur region of Sudan. The total mean score of the respondents' misconception was 3.1725 (SD=0.59) with 63.2%, indicating moderate misunderstanding of COVID-19. Multiple linear regression revealed the independent variables together had a significant impact on a misconception, F(14,116)=2.429, p<0.005. The regression model explains 22.7% of the variance in misunderstanding. Analysis of the influence of single factors on the dependent variable showed that people aged 31­40 years had significantly higher levels of misconception, 0.381 (t=2.116, p<0.037), than those aged over 60 years, and university graduates had considerably lower levels of misunderstanding, −0.061 (t=−2.091, p<0.03) than non-graduates. This study found a moderate level of misconception of COVID-19. Non-graduates had higher levels of misunderstanding than graduates. The results suggest that an education campaign should focus on people with low levels of education to correct their misconceptions regarding the prevention of COVID-19 infection

Prevalencia y factores asociados al trastorno de estrés postraumático en personas desplazadas en Colombia / Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in displaced persons in Colombia

Resumen Introducción: el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) es un síndrome que sobreviene después de que una persona experimenta un acontecimiento traumático extremo como la violencia en sus diversas manifestaciones: doméstica, sexual, política o armada. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia del TEPT, los factores demográficos y las condiciones del desplazamiento asociadas en población desplazada por la violencia producto del conflicto armado, en tres ciudades de Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín y Buenaventura. Método: estudio observacional, analítico con diseño cross-sectional, medición transversal, mediante disponibilidad de datos retrospectivos. La población objeto de estudio se compone de 1 026 registros de personas víctimas del conflicto armado, con edades entre 13 y 65 años, participantes del estudio primario "Salud mental en víctimas de desplazamiento forzado por la violencia en Colombia. El caso de Bogotá, Medellín y Buenaventura". Resultados: la prevalencia de vida del TEPT es de 9,9 %, siendo superior en la ciudad de Buenaventura; el trastorno presenta una asociación estadísticamente significativa con variables como la ocupación, el estado civil y la forma como se llevó a cabo el desplazamiento. Conclusiones: resaltan aspectos como la falta de ocupación, las características del desplazamiento y el bajo apoyo social como posibles factores que desencadenan o intensifican el TEPT.

Abstract Introduction: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome that occurs after a person experiences an extreme traumatic event such as violence in its various manifestations: domestic, sexual, political, or armed. Objective: to determine the prevalence of PTSD and the demographic factors and associated displacement conditions in the population displaced by the violence resulting from the armed conflict, in three cities of Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín and Buenaventura. Method: observational, analytical study with cross-sectional design, cross-sectional measurement, through availability of retrospective data. The population under study consists of 1,026 records of people who are victims of the armed conflict, aged between 13 and 65 years, participants in the primary study "Mental disorders in displaced population victims of the armed conflict, in three cities of Colombia". Results: the lifetime prevalence of PTSD is 9.9%, higher in the city of Buenaventura; the disorder presents a statistically significant association with variables such as occupation, marital status, and the way in which the displacement occurred. Conclusions: aspects such as lack of job, displacement characteristics and low social support stand out as possible factors that trigger or intensify PTSD.

Condiciones sanitarias del albergue "COPACO" del bañado norte de Asunción, Paraguay (2018) / Sanitary conditions of the "COPACO" quarantine facility in the northern riverside slum of Asuncion, Paraguay (2018)

Los migrantes son más susceptibles a las enfermedades infecciosas, por las malas condiciones sanitarias donde viven. El objetivo fue describir las condiciones sanitarias del albergue "COPACO" del Bañado Norte en el 2018. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y temporalmente prospectivo. Fueron georreferenciados, ubicación y cantidad de grifos, sanitarios, desechos no biológicos, y medidas las distancias entre el agua potable y los desechos. Se evaluó el acceso y calidad del agua potable almacenada y fueron encuestadas las familias para conocer las enfermedades más prevalentes. Las referencias fueron las establecidas en el Manual ESFERA. Fueron contabilizadas 481 familias (2,405 personas); censados 22 baños químicos, 25 grifos, 5 puestos de ducha y 4 puntos de acumulación de desechos. El rango de distancia entre los baños y los 4 grifos más cercanos fue de 1 a 78 m, promedio 28 m. La distancia promedio entre el acúmulo de basura y los 4 grifos más cercanos fue de 21,1 m, rango 1 a 35 m. Cada grifo fue utilizado por 96 personas, 60% (9) de las familias almacenaban agua. Un baño móvil, con retrete y sin ducha era utilizado por 109 personas. Los baños eran unisex (mixtos) y carecían de fuente de agua y se improvisaron 5 puestos para ducharse, de utilización familiar. Fueron encuestadas 15 familias (3,1%). El promedio de estadía 33,3 días, 3 familias acusaron padecer de vómito, fiebre, diarrea y dolor dental. Los resultados pueden orientar a las autoridades sobre las futuras acciones a realizar para salvaguardar la salud de la población migrante

Migrants are more susceptible to infectious diseases, due to the poor sanitary conditions they live in. The objective of this work was to describe the sanitary conditions of the "COPACO" shelter in Bañado Norte (North Slum) in 2018. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and temporally prospective study. The location and quantity of taps, toilets, non-biological waste were georeferenced, and the distances between drinking water and garbage were measured. Access and quality of stored drinking water were evaluated and families were surveyed to find out the most prevalent diseases. The references were those established in the SPHERE handbook. The number of families counted were 481 (2,405 people), 22 chemical toilets, 25 taps, 5 shower stalls and 4 garbage accumulation points were registered. The distance range between the toilets and the 4 closest taps was 1 to 78 m, average 28 m. The average distance between the garbage accumulation points and the 4 closest taps was 21.1 m, the range was 1 to 35 m. Each tap was used by 96 people, while 60% (9) of the families store water. A portable bathroom, with a toilet and without a shower, was used by 109 people. The bathrooms were unisex (mixed) and lacked a water source and 5 stalls were improvised for showering, for family use. Fifteen families were surveyed (3.1%). The average stay in the facilities was 33.3 days, and 3 families reported suffering from vomiting, fever, diarrhea and dental pain. The results can guide authorities on future actions to be taken to safeguard the health of the migrant population

Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysiolysis: A Case Report / Tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular na epifisiólise capital femoral proximal: Relato de caso

Abstract Slipped capital femoral epiphysiolysis (SCFE) may result in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the hip in up to one third of the cases. Residual deformity of the cam-type, or "pistol-grip", is associated with chondrolabral injury, resulting in pain, functional disability, and early osteoarthritis. The arthroscopic treatment with osteochondroplasty proved to be beneficial in a selected case of FAI secondary to SCFE.

Resumo A epifisiólise capital femoral proximal (ECFP) pode resultar em impacto femoroacetabular (IFA) do quadril em até um terço dos casos. A deformidade residual em came ou "cabo de pistola" está associada a lesão condrolabral, resultando em dor, incapacidade funcional, e osteoartrose precoce. O tratamento artroscópico com osteocondroplastia mostrou-se benéfico em um caso selecionado de IFA secundário a ECFP.

Relationship Between the Initial Position of Palatally Displaced Canines and Treatment Duration / Relación entre la posición incial de caninos desplazados palatalmente y la duración del tratamiento

Abstract This prospective study aimed to assess the positional features of palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDCs), their relationship with both cephalometric and dental cast measurements and treatment duration. Pretreatment panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 46 patients (23 patients with uni/bilateral PDC and 23 patients with Class I malocclusion) were collected. The mesial inclination of the permanent canine to the midline (α angle), the distance from the cusp tip of the permanent canine to the occlusal line (d distance), and the mesial position of the crown of the displaced canine (sector) were measured on the panoramic radiographs. SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, SN-GoGn°, SN-PP°, and PP-MP° angles and sagittal inclinations of the PDCs' (C-PP°) were measured on cephalometric radiographs. Arch length discrepancies and transversal arch measurements were also performed. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare variables that were not normally distributed while ANOVA was used for the normally distributed data. The arch widths were similar between the groups while crowding was significantly greater in the PDC group. A negative correlation was found between the α angle and vertical plane angle (SN-GoGn°). Treatment duration was positively correlated with α angle and d distance but there was no relationship with the sagittal angulation of the PDC to the palatal plane (C-PP°) and the treatment duration. Treatment duration can be expected to be longer with every increase in the angle of the PDC to the midline and distance from the occlusal plane.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo fue evaluar las características de los caninos mailares desplazados palatalmente (CDPs), su relación con las radiografías cefalométricas, las medidas en los modelos de yeso y el tiempo de duración del tratamiento. Se recolectaron radiografías panorámicas, laterales cefalométricas y modelos dentales de 46 pacientes (23 pacientes con CDPs uni/bi laterales y 23 pacientes con maloclusión de Clase I). Se midieron la inclinación mesial de los caninos permanentes con respecto a la línea media (ángulo α), la distancia de la punta de la cúspide del canino permanente a la línea oclusal (distancia d) y la posición mesial de la corona del canino desplazado (sector) en la radiografía panorámica. En las radiografías cefalométricas se midieron los ángulos SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, SN-GoGn°, SN-PP° y PP-MP° y las inclinaciones sagitales de los CDPs (C-PP°). También se realizaron las medidas de las discrepancias de la longitud de arco y las medidas de arco transversal. La prueba de t de student, prueba Mann-Whitney U y la prueba Kruskal-Wallis se usaron para comparar las variables que no se comportaron con una distribución normal, mientras que se utilizó la ANOVA para los datos de distribución normal. El ancho de los arcos fue similar entre grupos mientras el apiñamiento fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de CDPs. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el ángulo α y el ángulo del plano vertical (SN-GoGn°). La duración del tratamiento fue positivamente correlacionado con el ángulo α y la distancia d peron o se encontró relación entre la angulación sagital del CDP con el plano palatal (C-PP°) y la duración del tratamiento. Se puede esperar que la duración del tratamiento sea mayor con el aumento del ángulo entre el CDP a la línea media y la distancia desde el plano oclusal.

Gender Inequalities in Academic Achievement among Internally Displaced children in Colombia / Desigualdades de género en el desempeño académico de los niños desplazados forzados en Colombia / Desigualdades de gênero no desempenho acadêmico de crianças deslocadas forçadas na Colômbia

Abstract Using 2015 data of the Colombia Demographic and Health Survey, we investigated the incidence of belonging to a household with an Internally Displaced Person (IDP) on the likelihood of grade retention by sex. Particularly, a bivariate logistic regression was used to identify the correlation between families with IDP and children's gender on the probability of repeating a school year. Boys' were negatively affected when they live in an IDP household. Also, boys had a higher like-lihood of repeating a grade. We need to know how to act upon the social determinants that create social gaps and disadvantages across IDP, but also, to align with Sustainable Development Goals to eliminate gender inequalities.

Resumen (analítico) Utilizando datos de 2015 de la Encuesta de Demografía y de Salud de Colombia investigamos la incidencia de pertenecer a un hogar con una persona desplazada forzada por el conflicto armado interno (IDP) sobre la probabilidad de repetición de grado por sexo. En particular, se utilizó una regresión logística bivariada para identificar la correlación entre familias con desplazados internos y el género de los niños en la probabilidad de repetir un año escolar. Los niños se vieron afectados negativamente cuando vivieron en un hogar desplazado forzado. Además, los varones tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de repetir una asignatura. Necesitamos saber cómo actuar sobre los determinantes sociales que crean brechas sociales y desventajas entre los desplazados internos, pero también para alinearnos con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible en busca de eliminar las desigualdades de género.

Resumo (analítico) Utilizando dados de 2015 da Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde da Colômbia (DHS), investigamos a incidência de pertencer a uma família com uma Pessoa Deslocada Interna (IDP) sobre a probabilidade de retenção de notas por sexo. Particularmente, uma regressão logística bivariada foi usada para identificar a correlação entre famílias com PID e sexo das crianças sobre a probabilidade de repetir um ano escolar. Os meninos foram afetados negativamente quando vivem em uma casa de deslocados internos. Além disso, os meninos tinham maior probabilidade de repetir uma nota. Precisamos saber como agir de acordo com os determinantes sociais que criam lacunas e desvantagens sociais entre os deslocados internos, mas também alinhar com os ODS para eliminar as desigualdades de gênero.

Functional Outcome of Unstable Distal Radius Fracture with Dorsally Displaced Radial rim Treated with Volar Variable Angle Locking Compression Plate

Introduction: Distal radius is one of the common fracture sites of the human skeleton. Dorsally displaced distal radius fractures(DRFs) are the most common type of DRF.Materials and Methods: Two matched cohorts of 20 matched patients, one with a displaced dorsal rim fracture >2 mm (Group1), and the other without a dorsal rim fracture (Group 2) were analyzed in this study with volar variable angle locking compressionplate fixation for dorsally unstable DRFs.Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in overall wrist function or wrist pain. The mean displacementof dorsal rims in Group 1 was 3.0 mm and the mean diameter of the retained articular portion of the dorsal articular wall was2.0 mm. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of any radiographic parameters or the arthriticgrading of radiocarpal joints.Conclusion: These results suggest that a displaced dorsal rim fracture does not adversely affect the outcomes after the volarvariable angle locking compression plate fixation of a dorsally displaced DRF, indicating that an additional dorsal approach isunnecessary for reducing a displaced dorsal rim fracture

PMTCT Service Uptake among Pregnant Women in 3 Internally Displace Persons Camps in Borno State Northeast Nigeria

Background: Humanitarian emergencies upset and wreck existing healthcare services and systems. Pregnant women and infant are incredibly defenseless, as these infants are exposed to the risk of preventable childhood disease which includes HIV that is transmitted from their HIV positive mother. In the absence of any intervention, the risk of HIV transmission increases to about 40% among infant born to HIV positive mothers.Objectives: To examine the prevalence and uptake of HIV services among pregnant women and to assess the level of Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) by PCR uptake for children under 2 months born to HIV positive mothers.Methods: A sentinel case study approach conducted in 3 internally displaced people (IDP) camps in 3 LGAs (Banki, Dikwa and Ngala) of Borno state Nigeria, from January 2018 to May 2019. Data collected using standard tools and DHIS 2.0 used for data extraction and MS Excel used for analysis.Results: Prevalence of HIV among pregnant women (1st ANC Visits) in the 3 IDP camps were 1.22% (Ngala), 0.44% (Banki) and 0.16% (Dikwa) with an average of 0.61% compared to the 2018 National zonal average for the North East of1.1%. Uptake of HIV testing service among pregnant women in the 3 IDP camps were 90.65% (Ngala), 100% (Banki) and 100% (Dikwa), with an average uptake of 96.9%; while EID uptake for HIV exposed children within 2 months of age were: 50.0% (Dikwa), 12.5% (Banki) and 0% (Ngala).Conclusions: The study also shows that none of the 3IDP camps were able to optimize Early Infant Diagnosis at 2 months of birth. It is hereby recommended that Care-giver Focused Approach should be prioritized in preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service delivery

Salud bucodental para comunidades vulnerables y desplazadas de Popayán que viven en condiciones de pobreza / Dental health for Popayán´s vulnerable and displaced communities that live in poverty conditions

Introducción: En el Municipio de Popayán, departamento del Cauca, Colombia, hay más de 23 asentamientos, donde viven cerca de 4 mil personas desplazadas en condición de vulnerabilidad y pobreza, quienes, en su mayoría, no están protegidos por el del sistema de salud y carecen de atención odontológica. Objetivo: Aplicar los conocimientos sobre salud oral adquiridos en la carrera de odontología, para mejorar la salud bucodental en comunidades vulnerables y desplazadas que viven en condiciones de pobreza en Popayán, Cauca, Colombia. Método: Estudio cualitativo, tipo investigación acción. La población beneficiada se conformó por 1515 personas, a las que se le aplicaron procedimientos educativos, preventivos, curativos y restaurativos, durante 5 años. Resultados: La población más beneficiada fue la vulnerable; los más atendidos fueron: en cuanto a género. el femenino; rango de edad, niños entre 3 y 8 años y adultos, de 36 y más años. El procedimiento odontológico que más se realizó en niños fue la profilaxis dental y en adultos el raspaje supragingival. Conclusiones: Aplicar el currículo de la carrera de Odontología centrado en la promoción de salud y en el aprendizaje contextualizado a partir de su aplicación en virtud del desarrollo de la comunidad, lo convierte en un currículo con mayor compromiso social. Y la comunidad que recibe los beneficios se convierte en ente activo de los procesos de promoción de salud oral. La población vulnerable y la desplazada manifiestan receptividad ante los tratamientos clínicos orales que se le ofrecen(AU)

Introduction: In the municipality of Popayán, department of Cauca, Colombia, there are more than 23 settlements, where nearly 4000 displaced people live in conditions of vulnerability and poverty, most of whom are outside the health system and lack of dental care. Objective: To apply the knowledge on oral health according to the level of academic complexity acquired during Odontology major to improve dental health of vulnerable and displaced communities living in poverty conditions in Popayán, Cauca, Colombia. Methods: Qualitative study, research-action type. The beneficiary population was formed by 1,515 people who underwent educational, preventive, curative and restorative procedures during five years. Results: The most favored population was the vulnerable one; the most attended were: female gender; children in ages from 3 to 8 years old, and adults of 36 years old and over. The dental procedure that was carried out the most in children was dental prophylaxis, and supragingival scaling in adults. Conclusions: The appliance of Odontology major´s curriculum focused in health promotion and in the contextualized learning from its use towards the development of the community makes it an entity with bigger social commitment. The community that receives the benefits becomes an active body in the processes of dental health promotion. Vulnerable and displaced populations show receptiveness to the oral clinical treatments offered to them(AU)

Filhos das fronteiras: revisão de literatura sobre imigração involuntária, infância e saúde mental / Children of the Borders: Literary Review Regarding Involuntary Immigration, Childhood and Mental Health / Hijos de las fronteras: revisión de literatura sobre inmigración involuntaria, infancia y salud mental

Resumo Na atualidade há um expressivo contingente de refugiados que deixam suas casas devido a conflitos -guerras, perseguições e violações dos direitos humanos- em busca de novas oportunidades. O Brasil tem se tornado um dos destinos destas pessoas, inclusive recebendo crianças refugiadas. Este estudo objetiva revisar a literatura científica disponível em bases de dados eletrônicas nos últimos treze anos a respeito dos impactos psicológicos da imigração involuntária em crianças. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (BVS-PSI, Periódicos Capes, Francis, Redalyc e PsycARTICLES), a partir da interseção dos descritores "immigration", "children" e "mental health". Selecionou-se 48 artigos para análise, sendo constatada a ausência de publicações nacionais. Os conteúdos abordados nos trabalhos foram agrupados constituindo três categorias, a saber: 1) desafios enfrentados pelas crianças ao chegar ao país de acolhimento, 2) impactos psicológicos do processo migratório forçado na infância e 3) propostas de intervenção na saúde mental dos pequenos refugiados. A partir das informações obtidas, enfatiza-se a elaboração de políticas públicas no contexto brasileiro, sobretudo direcionadas a Atenção Básica com vistas a considerar as singularidades da criança refugiada no seu acolhimento.

Abstract Nowadays, a significant number of refugees who depart from their homes due to conflicts such as war, persecution, and human rights violations are searching for new opportunities. Brazil has become one of these receiving countries that not only is assisting adult refugees but also children. This study aims to review the scientific literature available on electronic databases in the last thirteen years about the psychological impact of involuntary migration in children. The research was conducted in five databases (BVS-PSI, Capes Journals, Francis, Redalyc and PsycARTICLES), from the intersection of "immigration", "children" and "mental health" descriptors. For the analysis, forty-five articles were selected, and it was noticed the lack of national publications (Brazil). The contents addressed in the works were grouped into three categories: 1) challenges faced by children during their arrival in the receiving country, 2) psychological impacts of forced migration process in childhood, 3) intervention proposals on mental health of refugee children. Based on the information obtained, it was stressed the formulation of public policies in the Brazilian context, focused on Basic Health Care and particular needs of the refugee children by the time of their reception.

Resumen En la actualidad, existe una cantidad significativa de refugiados que abandonan sus hogares debido a conflictos: -guerra, persecución y violaciones de los derechos humanos- en busca de nuevas oportunidades. Brasil se ha convertido en uno de los destinos de estas personas, incluso recibiendo niños refugiados. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar la literatura científica disponible en bases de datos electrónicas en los últimos trece años sobre el impacto psicológico de la migración involuntaria en niños. La investigación se realizó en cinco bases de datos (BVS-PSI, Capes Journals, Francis, Redalyc y PsycARTICLES), a partir de la intersección de los descriptores "inmigración", "niños" y "salud mental". Se seleccionaron 45 artículos para su análisis, siendo constatada la ausencia de publicaciones nacionales (Brasil). Los contenidos abordados en los trabajos se agruparon en tres categorías: 1) desafíos que enfrentan los niños al llegar al país de acogida, 2) impactos psicológicos del proceso de migración forzosa en la infancia y 3) propuestas de intervención en la salud mental de los niños refugiados. Con base en la información obtenida, se enfatiza la elaboración de políticas públicas en el contexto brasileño, principalmente dirigidas a Atención Básica con vistas a considerar las singularidades del niño refugiado en su proceso de acogida.

The Outcome of Primary Rigid Internal Fixation of Displaced Fracture Neck Of the Femur with Muscle Pedicle Bone Graft in Young Adult

Objective: In this study our main aim to evaluate the outcomeof primary rigid internal fixation of displaced fracture neck ofthe femur with muscle pedicle bone graft in young adult.Methodology: This prospective observational study wasconducted at National institute of traumatology and orthopaedicrehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka from July 2003 to June 2005.During the study, recent neck femur fracture 12 cases, inbetween age 20-55 years irrespective of gender were taken asa sample.Results: In the experiment, 75% were male patient and 25%were female patients. 66.67 % patients with type 1V fractureand 33.33% patients were with type III fracture. Also, after thetreatment. 83.33 % patients obtained satisfactory result and16.67% was unsatisfactory.Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that thistechnique is especially applicable in early days of fracture toachieve union and revisualization of the proximal fracturefragment and prevent non-union or avascular necrosis. Thefollow up period of this initial study is short, long-term follow upand evolution of the viability of this procedure should provideadditional useful result.

A Comparative Study between Double Tension Band Wiring and Reconstruction Plate and Screws for the Treatment of Displaced Bicondylar Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Humerus

Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluatetheoutcome of double tension band wiring and reconstructionplate and screws for the treatment of displaced bicondylar intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus.Methodology: This perspective and randomized study wasconducted at the National Institute of Traumatology andOrthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka from July 2003 to2005. Where out of 24 patients 12 were selected for operativetreatment by reconstruction plate and screws (Group –I), and12 were selected for operative treatment by double tensionband wiring (Group-II) as on random basis.Results: During the study, in group-1 and group-2 most of thepatients belongs to 18-30 age group., 75% patients’ injury inleft limb whereas, 35% had injury in left limb in group-2.33.33% patients with reconstruction Plate and Screw, hadexcellent recovery after treatment where as 25% had excellentrecovery when they had double Tension Band Wiring.Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that, operativetreatment of displaced bicondylar intra-articular fractures of thedistal humerus by reconstruction plate and screws gives amore rigid fixation with better functional outcome than bydouble tension band wiring.

A Comparative Study Of Closed Reduction And Percutaneous Crossed Pinning Vs Open Reduction And Crossed Pinning In Gartland Type Iii Supracondylar Fracture Of Humerus In Children.

Background: Many methods have been proposed to treat displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, most are either closed reduction and pinning in different configurations or Open reduction and pinning with.different approaches. There remains controversy in the literature with regards to some topics, these topics could be grouped into: method of reduction (open vs. closed), pin configurations, iatrogenic nerve injury and impact of time to surgery in complications. Methodology: Atotal of 70 patients with Type III supracondylar humerus fracture who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, 35 in each. Group I children were treated with closed reduction and crossed pinning and Group II with open reduction and crossed pinning. Both the groups were followed up for a period of 12 months at regular intervals. Assessment of cosmetic factor & functional factor was done by using Flynn's Criteria.. Results: All the fractures were found to be united clinically and radiologically by 6 wks. As per Flynn's Criteria 91% cases in closed group showed excellent results whereas 80% cases in open group showed excellent results after 1 year of follow up. 3 cases in closed group had iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. No cubitus varus deformity encountered in any group. Conclusion: Both open and closed reduction with crossed pin configuration provide stable fixation. Restriction of range of motion was more in the open group at 6 months follow up however at 12th month follow up the outcomes were similar. Closed reduction and crossed pinning allows early range of motion but it is technically difficult and satisfactory reduction is difficult to obtain in cases with severe soft tissue swelling.

Surgical Treatment for Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures in Elderly Patients: Comparison of the Minimally Invasive Approach and Extensile Lateral Approach

PURPOSE: As the functional demands for activities in elderly patients are increasing according to their life extension, the need for surgical treatment is also increasing in elderly patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. In addition to the extensile lateral approach (ELA), which is a surgical procedure that showed good results on intra-articular calcaneal fractures, the minimally invasive approach (MIA) also showed an outstanding result. This study compared the radiological and clinical results of intraarticular calcaneus fractures in elderly patients in two groups: ELA and MIA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients aged over 65 years with intra-articular calcaneus fractures, who could be followed-up more than 14 months, were included in this study. Thirteen patients of the MIA group and 17 patients of the ELA group were analyzed retrospectively using radiological and clinical assessments. RESULTS: No significant difference in union time, posterior facet reduction accuracy, subtalar osteoarthritis frequency, Bohler angle, calcaneal width, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, visual analogue scale score, 36-item short form survey, and foot function index was observed between the two groups. The p-value of the average height of the calcaneus correction, average length of calcaneal correction, and average loss of correction length were <0.001, 0.005, and 0.015, respectively. The incidence of complications, including soft tissue necrosis and bone infection, were 23.1% in the ELA group and none in the MIA group. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes were similar in the two groups. The degree of reduction of fracture showed a better result in the MIA group than the ELA group. Furthermore, there were no complications in the MIA group, whereas the ELA group showed some complications.

Dietary Diversity, Social Support and Stunting among Children Aged 6–59 Months in an Internally Displaced Persons Camp in Kayin State, Myanmar

Children living in the internally displaced person (IDP) camp are at higher risk of stunting. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and to identify the associated factors of stunting among children aged 6–59 months at Myaing-Gyi-Ngu IDP camp in Kayin State, Myanmar. According to the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, children with a height-for-age Z-scores below −2 standard deviation of the reference median (HAZ ≤ −2) were classified as stunted. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strong predictors. Prevalence of stunting has been found very high (59.4%). Adjusted model revealed that children living with illiterate mothers (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–3.24), being third/later-birth child (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.13–3.14), consuming less than 4 food groups (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.94–9.16), and older age of child (OR, 6.36 for 13–24 months; 95% CI, 2.74–14.74, 7.45 for 25–36 months; 95% CI, 3.21–17.25 and 12.75 for 37–59 months; 95% CI, 5.51–29.52) had higher odds of becoming stunted. The levels of support availability, presumed support and support received of mothers were generally low, but no significant associations were observed. In conclusion, this study showed high prevalence of stunting, but low dietary diversity and social support in the IDP camp. Due to the significant association of dietary diversity scores with stunting, interventions aiming at improving dietary diversity should be taken to reduce the stunting among children in the IDPs camp.